IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES

Inducements to Mobility Worldwide

    Developing World Population Exploding
    Once Impermeable Borders Opening
    Centrally Governed States Disintegrating
    Violent Ethnocentrism Increasing
    Competition for Resources Accelerating
    Business Travel and Tourism Expanding

Thus, Migration

    Combines Economic, Political, and Social Causes
    Propels and Compels Mass Movement of People

Proactive Immigration

    “Sending” - “Receiving” Distinction Blurred

    Virtually All Countries Experience Traffic

        "Brain Drain"
        Global Market for Qualified Workers
        Fewer Educational and Licensure Requirements

        Transilience
        
            120 Million Work Outside their Country of Origin

            Expanded Ability To Move Back and Forth

                Professionals
                Skilled Laborers
                Domestic Servants
    
Reactive Migration

    Global Distribution of Refugees / Asylum Seekers
        
        21.8 million (e.g., Sudan, Pakistan)
        Most “Temporarily” Located in Nearby Countries
        
    Causes

        Interaction and Mediation of

            Natural Disasters
            Overpopulation
            Scarce Resources
            Environmental Degradation
            Poverty
            Famine
            Violent Conflict
    
        Unintended Effects of Peace-keeping
        
            Often Spreads Conflict to Neighboring States
            Leads to Further Displacement of People

Labeling Asylum Seekers as Political or Economic Is Simplistic and Serves Political Ends

Proposal #1: ⇑ Domestic Investment in Education and Jobs
        
    Will NOT Stem Migration
        
        Global Capitalist Economy Requires Mobility of Labor

            67 Receiving Countries (up from 39 in 1970)
            55 Sending Countries (up from 29 in 1970)

            Income Source for Families at Home
    
Proposal #2: ⇑ Restrictions (e.g., annual quotas)

    Will NOT Stem Migration

        Global Labor Pool Seeking Jobs
        Demand for Labor (e.g., U.S., W. Europe)
        Routine, Periodic Amnesties
        Worldwide Link between Family/Friends
        Profit Incentive from Trafficking
        Human Rights Concerns

Proposal #3: Cosmopolitanism (EU countries)

    Balance the Best of Socialism and Capitalism
        
        Incompatible Economic Values, Goals, and Methods
   
    Multicultural Inclusiveness and Equality
        
        Policies Have Been Resisted

DISCUSSION: Proposal #4

➢    Distribute wealth more equitably
➢    Limit exploitation of national resources
➢    Manage migration via multilateral agreements
➢    Promote human rights and a global perspective of citizenship