ADHD - HISTORY
(2-27-14)
A century plus of difficulty sitting still
"Descriptions of what we know know as ADHD date back more than 100 years" (Bradshaw, 2001, p. 94)
"in the 19th century a German physician described the cartoon character Zappel-Phillip ('Fidgety Phil') as a 'child who twitched and 'twittled' back and forth on a chair, and was unable to sit still." (Bradshaw, 2001, p. 94)
1902 Dr. Still and "defects in moral control"
1904 Meyer reported inattention and impulsivity problems following brain injury
1917-18 encephalitis epidemic
Kahn & Cohen (1937) "organically driven"
sequelae of von Economo's encephalitis included hypokinetic symptoms of Parkinson's disease in adults and hyperkinesia in children; a neurological role involving basal ganglia was assumed
1930 Strauss "the brain damaged child"
1937 Bradley, Benzedrine, and the "paradoxical quieting effect"
1957 Laufer & Denhoff "Hyperkenetic Impulse Disorder"
1959 Knobloch & Passamanick "a continuum of reproductive causality"
1960's "Minimal Brain Damage (MBD) "Minimal Brain Dysfunction" (MBD); Lauretta Bender proposes "maturational lag"
1968 DSM-II "Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood (or adolescence)"
1970's Faulty attention & inhibitory control
1980 DSM-III "Attention Deficit Disorder" (ADD)
1987 DSM-III-R "Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD)
CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) founded in 1987
1994 DSM-IV "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD)
1999 initial NIMH MTA (Multimodal Treatment Study) results published
2000 DSM-IV-TR "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD) (onset of some symptoms prior age 7)
predominantly intattentive type
predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type
combined type
2013 DSM 5 "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)": subtypes remain the same with slight name change; some attention to adult presentation; change in age of onset criteria (prior age 12), continued controversy (just like death, taxes, and the sun coming up tomorrow morning)
predominantly intattentive presentation
predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
combined presentation
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